What factors affect a weld bead shape?

Bead width height and shape are formed through the torch distance, voltage, current, welding speed, wire feed rate, root shape, and gap. By using intelligent welding control, the parameters can be optimized that the preferred weld reinforcement shape, width, and height can be achieved [318, pp. 64-70].

What is weld bead geometry?

Bead geometry (bead height and width) and penetration (depth and area) are important physical characteristics of a weldment. Back-propagation neural networks are used to associate the welding process variables with the features of the bead geometry and penetration.

What are the welders parameters?

The four important parameters are the welding current, wire electrode extension, welding voltage and arc travel speed. These parameters will affect the weld characteristics to a great extent. Because these factors can be varied over a large range, they are considered the primary adjustments in any welding operation.

What adjustments change weld bead reinforcement?

Increase in water depth or pressure decreases bead width, but increases penetration, and reinforcement. Increase in voltage will increase bead width, penetration, and reinforcement.

What makes a bad weld?

Signs of a bad weld include: Burnout, no filler metal used, wide flat bead without distinct bead pattern, erratic beads, tungsten inclusion, porosity and/or undercutting.

What is the acceptable width of bead in a weld metal?

3/8 in.
This helps to minimize distortion by limiting the volume of weld metal and reducing the heat input. The maximum bead width should be limited to 3/8 in. (10 mm). As a minimum, one complete circumferential bead should be completed before stopping or interrupting the welding sequence.

What is the relationship between welding parameters and weld bead geometry?

There is no linear relationship between the welding parameters and weld bead geometry, and empirical formulas and experimental results are generally used for this relation. Most times, this case is incapable to select the optimum parameters values.

What are the mechanical properties of the welding joints?

The mechanical properties of the welding joints are directly dependent on the geometrical form of bead and its properties. At the same time, the form of bead and its properties change according to the process parameters. Therefore, the process parameters must be selected so that an appropriate weld bead can be formed.

How to model welding parameters using neural network?

Then, the relationship between the welding parameters is modeled by using artificial neural network (ANN) and neurofuzzy system approach. Each model is checked for its adequacy by using test data which are selected from experimental results. Then, the models developed are compared with regard to accuracy.

What is submerged arc welding (SAW)?

The submerged arc welding (SAW) is one of the manufacturing methods which are widely used. The mechanical properties of the welding joints are directly dependent on the geometrical form of bead and its properties. At the same time, the form of bead and its properties change according to the process parameters.