What is T4 Syndrom?
It is thought that the T4 syndrome is a complex autonomic sympathetic dysregulation with its origin in the upper thoracic spine. Patients can have different symptoms in their hands, headache and also thoracic and/or neck pain. Actually the T4 syndrom can be diagnosed with a complete clinical examination by excluding other health issues.
What is top-rail T4?
TOP-RAIL installed on both sides reduces the common noise of the airstream that occurs at higher speeds whilst travelling. Contrary to the VW T4, it is not allowed to attach carriers to the VW T6/T5. All further advantages of TOP-RAIL T4 remain. Design: “Carbon”. Made in Germany.
What are the upper extremity symptoms of thoracic T4 syndrome (T4)?
Upper extremity symptoms of nocturnal or early morning paresthesias, especially in a glove-like distribution, coupled with headaches and a stiff upper thoracic spine without neurological signs of disease may indicate a T4 syndrome. Manipulation of the dysfunctional upper thoracic segments may reliev …
Is the intervertebral joint around T4 hypomobile in T4 syndrome?
Unfortunately, a great deal of literature exists on shoulder pain, yet little exists in the area of periscapular or rib pain. It can be concluded that the intervertebral joint around T4 is hypomobile in patients with T4 syndrome. During objective examination it may be useful to assess:
What are the signs and symptoms of thoracic T4 syndrome?
The T4 syndrome Upper extremity symptoms of nocturnal or early morning paresthesias, especially in a glove-like distribution, coupled with headaches and a stiff upper thoracic spine without neurological signs of disease may indicate a T4 syndrome. Manipulation of the dysfunctional upper thoracic segments may reliev …
How many RCTs are there for T4 syndrome?
At the beginning of 2017 Karas and Pannone published a review, highlighting the T4 syndrome [ 7 ]. They found only 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) , 2 case series and 8 expert opinions (4 of 8 described in a form of acase report). So after 31 years since the first description of the syndrome, we can only find on1 RCT and some case reports.
