What is Xanthogranulomatous endometritis?
Xanthogranulomatous endometritis is an unusual pathological entity mimicking endometrial carcinoma. This shows sheets of foamy histiocytes alongwith other inflammatory cells.
What is the difference between simple hyperplasia and complex hyperplasia?
Simple hyperplasia: The endometrium contains an increased number of dilatated glands. Complex hyperplasia without atypia: The glands appear crowded and are surrounded by relatively scant stroma. The glandular epithelium are lined by uniform cells, which show no nuclear atypia.
What are the three classification of hyperplasia?
EIN classification included three categories: benign (benign endometrial hyperplasia), premalignant (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia), and malignant (well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma).
What causes Xanthogranulomatous?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is caused by pyogenic infection of the kidney, usually secondary to staghorn calculi (70% of cases), most commonly by Proteus or E. coli.
Is 20 mm endometrial thickness normal?
The thickness of the endometrial lining is rarely over 4 mm in a woman past menopause. In premenopausal women the thickness varies with the phase of the menstrual cycle, but the maximum thickness will be within about 20 mm even in the secretory phase, when it is greatest.
What is the acceptable range of endometrial thickness?
the acceptable range of endometrial thickness is less well established in this group, cut-off values of 8-11 mm have been suggested the risk of carcinoma is ~7% if the endometrium is >11 mm, and 0.002% if the endometrium is <11 mm 8
How is the endometrium measured?
The endometrium should be measured in the long axis or sagittal plane, ideally on transvaginal scanning, with the entirety of the endometrial lining through to the endocervical canal in view. 10 The measurement is of the thickest echogenic area from one basal endometrial interface across the endometrial canal to the other basal surface.
What is endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma?
Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma refers to a tumor arising from the endometrium, which resembles proliferative type endometrial glands Most common site is the uterine corpus – endometrium, endometrial polyps or adenomyosis
What is endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia?
Estrogen driven carcinoma of the endometrium that has a well defined precursor lesion – atypical hyperplasia / endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia Back to back glands lacking intervening stroma, usually with mild to moderate but occasionally marked atypia
